RFID labels

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  • Air Interface Protocol: EPC Class 1 Gen 2, ISO 18 000-6C
  • Operating Frequency: Global (860-960 MHz)
  • IC Type:Impinj Monza R6
  • Memory:EPC 96 bits
  • EPC Memory Content:Unique, auto-serialized
  • Max Read Distance:> 6.1 m (20 ft)
  • Applicable Surface Materials:Plastic, cardboard, glass
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Brand:NXP

RFID Labels

1. What are RFID Labels?

  • RFID labels consist of three main components:
    • Inlay (Antenna): This device is used to attach the RFID chip and receives radio waves when transmitted to it.
    • RFID Chip: The primary device that receives radio waves through the RFID antenna.
    • Label: Material placed over the Inlay to enable printing of content such as QR codes or product names on its surface.

  • RFID Chip (Radio Frequency Identification):
    • is a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.
  • An RFID system includes a small responder, a reader, and a radio transmitter.
  • When activated by an electromagnetic pulse to query data from an RFID reader nearby, the RFID tag responds with digital data, typically a formatted value unique to that tag, to the RFID reader.

2. Types of RFID Tags

  • Passive tags:
    • These tags are powered by the radio waves transmitted from the RFID reader for data querying.
    • Effective operating range for this type ranges from a few centimeters to several meters (M).

  • Active tags:
    • These tags are powered by batteries.
    • They can be read from a considerable distance by an RFID reader.
    • They can reach up to hundreds of meters.
  • RFID Chip Brands:

3. Differences from Barcodes:

  • RFID labels do not need to be within the reading range of an RFID reader.
  • They can be attached or embedded on tracked objects.
  • They can simultaneously monitor multiple tagged objects.

4. Real-World Applications of RFID Labels

  • RFID tags are extensively used in industries such as:
    • During automobile manufacturing, an RFID tag attached to a car being assembled can track the entire production process on the assembly line.
    • RFID tags on pharmaceuticals assist in tracking them within warehouses.
    • Implanted RFID chips in livestock and pets help in identifying animals.
    • RFID tags can also be used in the payment process at stores.
    • They prevent theft of goods in retail stores.

5. Management and Privacy Concerns

  • Because RFID tags can be attached to physical objects like assets, clothing, currency, or implanted in human or animal bodies, concerns about information theft related to the owner of those tagged RFID objects have raised privacy concerns.
  • These concerns have led to the development of technical standards for RFID technology related to privacy and security.
  • ISO/IEC 18000 and ISO/IEC 29167 use encryption methods on chips to prevent tracing, simultaneously authenticate tags and readers, and over-the-air privacy.
  • ISO/IEC 20248 specifies an electronic signature with data structure for providing data, source authentication, and reading methods of RFID and barcodes.
  • This regulatory work is carried out by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques), a subcommittee of ISO, and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Joint Technical Committee (JTC).

6. Types of RFID Chip Frequencies

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